Jurisdicción de Estados Unidos,
explicada con claridad.

U.S. jurisdiction,
explained clearly.

U.S. Jurisdiction · Business Formation

Form and Register Your Company in the United States

Articles of incorporation, LLC vs. corporation, Sunbiz filings, certified copies, EIN and ITIN — 39 guides written for founders doing this for the first time, including those who do not live in the U.S.

39 guides

Every article in this section, listed on this page.

6 routes

Grouped by what you are trying to solve, not by tag.

Florida first

Sunbiz filings step by step, plus what changes in other states.

No residency required

Most guides assume you are filing from outside the U.S.

Find it in one line

Jump straight to what you need

Six groups, and every guide in this section belongs to one of them. Pick the one that matches the stage you are at.

All 39 titles are listed further down, grouped the same way.

Three ways in

Start where your question starts

A definition, a comparison and a decision. Most people arriving in this section need exactly one of the three.

Start with the definition

What are articles of incorporation?

The filing that legally creates a corporation with the state. What it contains, who signs it, and what it does not do.

27 impressions · pos. 48.0

The question everyone asks

Articles of incorporation vs. articles of organization

Same paperwork, different entity. One creates a corporation, the other creates an LLC — and picking the wrong one means refiling.

463 impressions · pos. 13.3

If you live outside the U.S.

Can a foreigner open an LLC in the U.S.?

Yes — no visa, no green card and no U.S. address of your own. What you actually need is a registered agent, an EIN and, sometimes, an ITIN.

504 impressions · 1 click · pos. 48.0

The short answer

Are articles of incorporation the same as articles of organization?

No. Both are filed with the Secretary of State and both are public record, but they create different entities: articles of incorporation create a corporation, articles of organization create an LLC. Filing the wrong one does not convert into the other — it means starting the formation over.

Some states add a third name for the same act: Delaware, Texas and Washington call the LLC filing a certificate of formation. What none of them are is the document that governs the company — that is the operating agreement for an LLC and the bylaws for a corporation, and neither is ever filed with the state. Rule of thumb: what the state keeps is public and creates the entity; what you keep runs it. Banks ask for the first, disputes are settled with the second.

193

impressions for this one question, written 23 different ways — the single densest intent in the section.

Position 11.1

…averaged across all 23 phrasings. Close to page one, and not on it.

21 %

of everything this section is shown for is somebody trying to tell two similar documents apart.

Answer in 30 seconds

Five documents, constantly confused

One in five searches that reach this section is a comparison: articles of incorporation vs. articles of organization, vs. an operating agreement, vs. bylaws, vs. a certificate of formation. Here they are side by side.

Articles of Incorporation

What it does

Creates the corporation. Public record.

Who files it

The incorporator, with the Secretary of State.

Entity

Corporation (C or S)

Articles of Organization

What it does

Creates the LLC. Public record.

Who files it

The organizer, with the Secretary of State.

Entity

LLC

Certificate of Formation

What it does

The same state filing under a different name (DE, TX, WA…).

Who files it

The organizer, with the Secretary of State.

Entity

LLC or corporation

Operating Agreement

What it does

Sets the rules between the members. Never filed.

Who files it

The members, kept privately.

Entity

LLC

Bylaws

What it does

Set the rules that govern the corporation. Never filed.

Who files it

The board, kept privately.

Entity

Corporation

Rule of thumb: what the state keeps is public and creates the entity. What you keep governs it. A bank opening your account asks for the first; a dispute between partners is settled with the second.

The map

39 guides, grouped by what you need to solve

Not by tag: this section has no sub-categories. The six routes come from the questions people actually type, measured over 90 days in Search Console.

Complete index

Every guide on one page

No pagination roulette: the 39 titles are all here, grouped the same way as the routes. Until today this URL showed 11.

Always up to date

The full archive, newest first

The 39 guides in reverse chronological order, with the full paginator. This block feeds itself: every new post in Business Formation appears here without anyone editing the page.

Asked before anything else

The 6 questions people type first

Verbatim from Search Console, with the answers in the first line so they can be quoted by Google and by AI assistants.

No. Articles of incorporation create a corporation; articles of organization create an LLC. Both are filed with the Secretary of State and both are public — but they produce different entities, with different tax treatment and different governing documents. Filing the wrong one means starting the formation over.

No. The articles are filed with the state and create the entity. An operating agreement is an internal contract between LLC members that is never filed. Most states do not require one, and most banks will still ask to see it.

The same state filing under a different name. Delaware, Texas and Washington call it a certificate of formation; Florida and most other states call it articles of organization or articles of incorporation. The document does the same job.

Yes. There is no citizenship or residency requirement to own a U.S. LLC or corporation. What you do need is a registered agent with a physical address in the state, an EIN, and — if you have U.S. tax reporting obligations and no SSN — an ITIN.

In most states, no. Florida does not require notarization to file on Sunbiz. Notarization becomes necessary when the document has to travel: banks abroad, consulates and foreign registries usually want a certified copy, notarized and then apostilled.

From the state that holds them. In Florida, Sunbiz serves a free plain copy; a certified copy is a paid request. If the copy is going abroad, ask for the certified one — a plain printout cannot be apostilled.

Riveros Corp

Or have it filed for you

Riveros Corp forms the company, obtains the EIN, drafts the operating agreement and, when the documents have to be used abroad, notarizes and apostilles them. Same team that writes these guides.

Other sections in English

Notary Services

Notarization, marriage records and certified copies.

Apostille Services

Making a U.S. document usable in another country.

AML Compliance

FBI records, FOIA requests, BOI reporting and due diligence.